When first discovered, antibiotics were touted as a miracle cure...and they literally were. Infections that were fatal before the turn of the century were tamed to mere inconveniences during this century. But we've come almost full circle. The misuse, over prescription, and abuse of antibiotics has allowed resistant strains of bacteria to develop and once again threaten health and life. Diseases that were virtually eliminated with the introduction of antibiotics are mutating, gaining strength, and resisting treatment. It is necessary that we understand the need and use of antibiotics and apply with caution and only through prescriptions.

Antibiotics are strong medicines that can stop some infections and save lives. But antibiotics can cause more harm than good when they aren't used the right way. You can protect yourself and your family by knowing when you should use antibiotics and when you should avoid them.

No. Antibiotics only work against infections caused by bacteria. They don't work at all against infections caused by viruses. Viruses cause colds and most coughs and sore throats.

Usually antibiotics kill bacteria or stop them from growing, but some bacteria have grown stronger and antibiotics won't work against them. These stronger bacteria are called "resistant" because they resist antibiotics. Resistant bacteria develop when antibiotics are used too often or are not used correctly. Resistant bacteria sometimes can be treated with more powerful medicines. But, these medicines may have to be given intravenously (through a vein) in a hospital. A few kinds of resistant bacteria are untreatable.

Don't expect antibiotics to cure every illness. Don't take antibiotics for colds or flu. Often, the best thing you can do is to let colds and flu run their course. Sometimes this can take 2 weeks or more. Call your doctor if your illness gets worse after 2 weeks.

The answer depends on what is causing your infection. The following are some basic guidelines:

• Colds and Flu--These illnesses are caused by viruses. They can't be cured with antibiotics.

• Cough or Bronchitis--These are almost always caused by viruses. However, if you have a lung condition or the illness lasts a long time, your infection may actually be caused by bacteria. Your doctor may decide to try treatment with an antibiotic.

• Sore throat--Most sore throats are caused by viruses and don't require antibiotics. Strep throat is caused by bacteria and requires treatment with antibiotics. A throat swab and a lab test are needed before your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic for a sore throat.

• Ear infections--There are several types of ear infections. Antibiotics are used for most, but not all, ear infections.

• Sinus infections--Even if you have a runny nose, or yellow or green mucus coming from your nose, you may not need an antibiotic. Antibiotics should only be used for severe infections or infections that last more than 2 weeks, since these may be caused by bacteria.

Antibiotics can cure diseases in very little time but should always be used sparingly and as a last resort. What can be treated as a fast curing wonder drug can become dangerous if used excessively and without proper consultation of your doctor.